AC and DC Power Source
AC Power Source (Alternating Current Source) English: AC means Alternating Current where the current changes direction periodically. Produced by alternators (AC generators) using Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction . The voltage waveform is sinusoidal (sometimes square or triangular in special cases). AC supply is used in homes, industries, offices because it is easy to transmit over long distances . Formation (How AC is produced): Rotate a coil in a magnetic field. Due to electromagnetic induction, alternating emf is generated. The emf changes direction as the coil rotates → hence alternating current. Calculation: Instantaneous EMF: e = E m a x sin ( ω t ) e = E_{max} \sin(\omega t) where, E m a x E_{max} = maximum voltage, ω \omega = angular frequency = 2 π f = 2\pi f t t = time. RMS Value: E r m s = E m a x 2 E_{rms} = \frac{E_{max}}{\sqrt{2}} Power in AC: P = V r m s ⋅ I r m s ⋅ cos ϕ P = V_{rms} \cd...
