Types of Power Supply

 

⚡ Types of Power Supply 

    (पावर सप्लाई के प्रकार)

A Power Supply (पावर सप्लाई) is a device/system that provides electrical power to load (circuit, device, or machine). It converts electrical energy from one form to another suitable for the equipment.

🔹 1. AC Power Supply (ए.सी. पावर सप्लाई)

  • Provides Alternating Current (AC) output.

  • Frequency alternates (50 Hz in India, 60 Hz in USA).

  • Types:

    • Single Phase AC Supply (सिंगल फेज ए.सी. सप्लाई) → Used in homes, small loads.

    • Three Phase AC Supply (थ्री फेज ए.सी. सप्लाई) → Used in industries, heavy motors.

🔹 2. DC Power Supply (डी.सी. पावर सप्लाई)

  • Provides Direct Current (DC) output.

  • Voltage is constant.

  • Examples: Battery, Solar Cell, DC Generator.

  • Types:

    • Linear Power Supply (लिनियर पावर सप्लाई) → Simple, heavy, less efficient.

    • Switch Mode Power Supply (SMPS - स्विच मोड पावर सप्लाई) → Compact, high efficiency (used in computers, mobiles).

🔹 3. Unregulated Power Supply (अनरेगुलेटेड पावर सप्लाई)

  • Output voltage varies with load.

  • Simple rectifier + filter circuit.

  • Used in low-cost devices.

🔹 4. Regulated Power Supply (रेगुलेटेड पावर सप्लाई)

  • Output voltage remains constant even if input or load changes.

  • Types:

    • Linear Regulated Supply (लिनियर रेगुलेटेड सप्लाई) → Uses zener diode, voltage regulator IC (e.g., LM7805).

    • Switching Regulated Supply (स्विचिंग रेगुलेटेड सप्लाई) → More efficient (e.g., SMPS).

🔹 5. Programmable Power Supply (प्रोग्रामेबल पावर सप्लाई)

  • Voltage and current can be set by user.

  • Controlled via computer or microcontroller.

  • Used in labs and testing.

🔹 6. Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS - यू.पी.एस.)

  • Provides backup during power failure.

  • Uses battery + inverter.

  • Types:

    • Offline UPS → Backup only when main supply fails.

    • Online UPS → Continuous backup, used in servers, hospitals.

🔹 7. High Voltage Power Supply (हाई वोल्टेज पावर सप्लाई)

  • Provides very high DC or AC voltage (kV range).

  • Used in X-ray machines, cathode ray tubes, plasma systems.

🔹 8. Constant Current Power Supply (कॉनस्टैंट करंट पावर सप्लाई)

  • Provides fixed current even if voltage changes.

  • Used in LED drivers, battery charging.




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